Примечания
Примечания
1
«Фишка дальше не идет» — фраза из обихода игроков в покер, получившая более широкое распространение благодаря президенту США Гарри Трумэну, который сделал ее своим девизом и табличкой с этой надписью украсил свой стол. В покере «фишка» помещается перед игроком, которому подошла очередь сдавать карты. Если игрок не хочет сдавать карты, он передает фишку следующему. В переносном смысле фишка — атрибут человека, ответственного за принятие решений. Говоря, что она «дальше не идет», президент давал понять, что окончательное решение принимает именно он.
2
«Музей шестого этажа» располагается на седьмом этаже, так как в Америке седьмой этаж считается шестым.
3
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston: Houghton Mif? in, 1965), p. 206.
В ссылках на источники использованы следующие сокращения:
FRUS: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963 (edited by David S. Patterson)
JFK: John F. Kennedy
JFKL: John F. Kennedy Library
JPK: Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
PPP — JFK: Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1961–1963
4
Robert G. Athearn, ed., An Illustrated History of the United States (New York: Choice, 1988), vol. 16, p. 1432; Daytona Beach Morning Journal, November 22, 1963.
5
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 1027.
6
Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), pp. 21–129.
7
Ibid.
8
Robert Dallek, An Un?nished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963 (New York: Little, Brown, 2003), pp. 6–7.
9
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 226–33.
10
Nigel Hamilton, JFK: Life and Death of an American President, vol. 1, Reckless Youth (London: Random House UK, 1992), pp. 5–23; Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 256–59, 262–63; Rose Kennedy, with Robert Coughlan, Times to Remember (New York: Doubleday, 1974), pp. 15, 67, 72–78.
11
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 235–36.
12
Ibid., p. 290.
13
Джек — уменьшительное имя от имени Джон.
14
Игра, в которой контактные элементы американского футбола заменяются касанием (touch).
15
David Heyman, A Woman Named Jackie (New York: Lyle Stuart, 1989), pp. 140–41; Peter Collier and David Horowitz, The Kennedys: An American Drama (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), pp. 39–45; Gloria Swanson, Swanson on Swanson (New York: Random House,1980), pp. 209, 328–70.
16
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, p. 309.
17
Rose Kennedy, Times to Remember, pp. 126, 174, 192; John Ney, Palm Beach (Boston: Little, Brown, 1966), p. 18; Hamilton, JFK, pp. 42, 87–88, 91–93, 101–5, 288, 301–17, 349–52.
18
JFK to JPK, December 9, 1931, Young Kennedy File, JFKL; JFK to JPK, n. d., Young Kennedy File, JFKL.
19
Riverdale Country School, report on JFK, February 25, 1930, Young Kennedy File, JFKL; Record of JFK, November 1 to December 6, 1930, Canterbury School, Young Kennedy File, JFKL; Ralph G. Martin, Seeds of Destruction: Joe Kennedy and His Sons (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1995), p. 32.
20
Report of JFK, Choate School, 4 th Quarter, n.d., Young Kennedy File, JFKL.
21
Ibid.
22
Ibid.
23
Hamilton, JFK, pp. 88–101.
24
Ibid.
25
Herbert Parmet, Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy (New York: Dial Press, 1980), p. 37.
26
JFK to JPK, n. d., 1933, JFKL. См. также Hamilton, JFK, p. 110; Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 77–78, 80.
27
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 456–65, 486–89; Hamilton, JFK, pp. 112–13, 118–35.
28
mucker (англ.) — деревенщина, хам.
29
Hamilton, JFK, pp. 122–33.
30
Ibid., pp. 143–45.
31
JFK to Billings, n.d., 1935, JFKL; Edward E. Moore to Richard M. Gummere, May 11, 1935, JFKL.
32
Application for Admission, Harvard College, May 8, 1935, JFKL.
33
«General Estimate,» Harvard Admissions Application, April 30, 1935, JFKL.
34
JPK to Delmar Leighton, August 28, 1936, JFKL.
35
JPK to JFK, December 1, 1937, JFKL; multiple letters, JFK to JPK, n. d., 1939, JFKL. See also Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 505–6, 581–82; Hamilton, JFK, pp. 159–70, 176–77.
36
Multiple letters, JFK to JPK, n. d., 1939, JFKL.
37
Hamilton, JFK, p.192.
38
JFK to JPK, Vienna, n.d., 1939, JFKL.
39
Hamilton, JFK, pp. 185, 194, 199.
40
«Extra Curricular Activities,» 1937–1938, «Extra Curricular Activities,» 1939–1940, JFKL; Hamilton, JFK, pp. 208–10.
41
JFK to JPK, n. d., 1939, JFKL.
42
Ibid.
43
Ibid.
44
Ibid.
45
«Report on Thesis for Distinction,» n. d., 1940, JFKL; Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 63.
46
JFK to JPK, spring 1940, n. d., 1940, JFKL; John F. Kennedy, Why Eng land Slept (New York: Wilfred Funk, 1962, original edition 1940), p. 17.
47
Dallek, An Un? nished Life, p. 64.
48
Alan Brinkley, The Publisher: Henry Luce and His American Century (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010), pp. 422, 425.
49
Hamilton, JFK, p. 331; Kennedy, Why England Slept, pp. 13–14.
50
Kennedy, Why England Slept, p. 217.
51
Ibid. p. 218.
52
Ibid., p. 185.
53
Edward M. Daugherty to JPK, November 1, 1940, JFKL; JFK to JPK, n. d., 1940, JFKL.
54
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 632–35.
55
JPK to Stephen Galatti, February 2, 1942, JFKL; Max Beaverbrook to JPK, February 9, 1942, JFKL; Dallek, An Un? nished Life, pp. 87–95.
56
John Hersey, «Survival,» New Yorker, June 17, 1944, pp. 31–44.
57
Ibid.
58
HQ 3 rd Bombardment Division, APO 559, Subject: «Aphrodite,» April 8, 1944, JFKL; HQ 8 th Air Force Outgoing Message, August 12,1944, JFKL; Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 688–89.
59
Hamilton, JFK, p. 659.
60
John F. Kennedy, ed., As We Remember Joe (Cambri-dge, Mass.: University Press, privately printed, 1945).
61
New York Journal-American, May 2, 3, 5, 7, 16, 21, 23, June 23, 1945; Chicago Herald-American, May 18, 1945.
62
John F. Kennedy, Prelude to Leadership: The European Diary of John F. Kennedy (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 1995), p. 5.
63
Ibid., pp. 5, 9–10.
64
Ibid., p. 46.
65
Ibid., p. 69.
66
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 119.
67
Hamilton, JFK, p. 673.
68
Dallek, An Un? nished Life, pp. 116–27.
69
Michael O’Brien, John F. Kennedy: A Biography (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005), p. 19.
70
David Michaelis, Best of Friends (New York: William Morrow, 1983), p. 165; Ralph G. Martin and Ed Plaut, Front Runners (New York: Doubleday, 1960), p. 114.
71
Клуб «Золотая звезда» — организация в США по поддержке родителей, потерявших детей на войне. Название объясняется традицией вывешивать на домах военнослужащих стяги, количество звезд на которых показывает сколько членов семьи находится в рядах армии. Синие звезды символизируют живых военнослужащих, а золотые — погибших.
72
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, p. 712.
73
Hamilton, JFK, p. 753; Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, p. 713; John H. Davis, The Kennedys: Dynasty and Disaster, 1848–1984 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984), p. 125.
74
Eric Freedman and Edward Hoffman, John F. Kennedy in His Own Words (New York: Citadel Press, 2005), p. 190.
75
S. Alexander Haslam, Stephen D. Reicher, and Michael J. Platow, The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, In? uence, and Power (New York: Psychology Press, 2011), p. 151.
76
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 132.
77
Philip Abbott, Strong Presidents: A Theory of Leadership (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996), p. 165; Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 142–44.
78
Robert E. Gilbert, «JFK and Addison’s Disease,» JFKL; Robert E. Gilbert, The Mortal Presidency: Illness and Anguish in the White House (NewYork: Basic Books, 1992); Kenneth P. Crispell and Carlos F. Gomez, Hidden Illness in the White House (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1988), p. 186; O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, p. 225.
79
«Kathleen Kennedy,» n. d., JFKL; New York Times, May 14, 1948.
80
Jonathan Bell, The Liberal State on Trial: The Cold War in the Truman Years (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004), p. 185.
81
Gary Donaldson, The First Modern Campaign: Kennedy, Nixon, and the Election of 1960 (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Little? eld, 2007), p. 38.
82
John F. Kennedy, «Our Foreign Policy in Connection with China,» Congressional Record, January 29, 1949, p. 41; Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 160, 162.
83
Thomas Whalen, Kennedy versus Lodge (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000), pp. 127–83.
84
«Rose Kennedy Speaks at a Tea, 1952,» n. d., JFKL.
85
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, p. 768.
86
Hamilton, JFK, p. 780.
87
John H. Davis, Jacqueline Bouvier: An Intimate Memoir (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996), pp. 157–95; Donald Spoto, Jacqueline Bouvier Onassis: A Life (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2010), pp. 105–206.
88
«The Gay Young Bachelor,» Saturday Evening Post, June 13, 1953.
89
Collier and Horowitz, The Kennedys, p. 197.
90
Thomas C. Reeves, A Question of Character (New York: Arrow, 1992), p. 116.
91
Collier and Horowitz, The Kennedys, p. 780.
92
Ibid., p. 354.
93
Theodore Sorensen, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History (New York: Harper, 2009), pp. 98–115; Collier and Horowitz, The Kennedys, p. 198.
94
John F. Kennedy, Pro?les in Courage (New York: Harper and Brothers,1956).
95
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 144–55.
96
Remarks by Senator John F. Kennedy at the Democratic National Convention, Chicago, Ill., on August 16, 1956, Senate Speech File, JFKL.
97
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Journals, 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), pp. 43–44.
98
«Stevenson, Truman and Kennedy,» Saturday Evening Post, March 8, 1958, pp. 32–33.
99
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 782–86.
100
Paul Blanshard, American Freedom and Catholic Power (Boston: Beacon Press, 1949).
101
Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, pp. 791–92; Harold Martin, «The Amazing Kennedys,» Saturday Evening Post, September 7, 1957, p. 49.
102
Nellie Bly, The Kennedy Men (New York: Kensington, 1996), p. 98. См. также David Pietrusza, 1960: LBJ vs. JFK vs. Nixon (New York: Sterling, 2006), pp. 15–18.
103
Donaldson, The First Modern Campaign.
104
Theodore H. White, The Making of the President, 1960 (New York: Atheneum, 1961), pp. 3–4.
105
New York Times, August 23, 1959; Abraham Ribicoff to JFK, August 31, 1959, December 16, 1959, JFKL.
106
New York Times, August 25, 1959; Orville Freeman to Robert F. Kennedy, August 4, 1960, JFKL.
107
Benjamin C. Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1975), p. 16.
108
Eleanor Roosevelt to JFK, June 2, 1958, JFKL.
109
JFK to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 29, 1958, JFKL.
110
JFK to Eleanor Roosevelt, December 11, 18, 1958; JFK to Eleanor Roosevelt, January 10, 1959, JFKL.
111
«Ben» to JFK, May 12, 1959, JFKL; Eleanor Roosevelt to Mary Lasker, August 15, 1960, Roosevelt, Eleanor ?le, June 1958–November 1960, JFKL.
112
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to JFK, April 26, 1960, JFKL.
113
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 158–63.
114
JFK, Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association, September 12, 1960, political campaign, 1960, JFKL.
115
JFK to Editor, Denver Post, August 25, 1959, JFKL; campaign memo on religion, n.d., 1959, JFKL; William Rivkin to Sargent Shriver, August 4, 1960, JFKL; «Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy,» American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, D.C., April 21, 1960, JFKL.
116
New York Times, August 25, 1959; «Agenda for Senator Kennedy,» May 13, 1959, JFKL.
117
JFK to Newton N. Minow, January 13, 1960, JFKL; Robert Drew, Primary, a documentary ?lm, 1960.
118
White, Making of the President, 1960, p. 99.
119
Ibid., pp. 95–105.
120
Ibid., pp. 107–8.
121
William McCormick Blair Jr. to JFK, August 12, 1960, JFKL.
122
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to JFK, January 25, 1960, June 6, 1960, JFKL; Jean Baker, The Stevensons: A Biography of an American Family (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996), pp. 399–400.
123
Adlai Stevenson to JFK, May 11, 1960, JFKL
124
JFK to Adlai Stevenson, January 5, 1960, JFKL; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to Adlai Stevenson, May 16, 1960, JFKL.
125
JFK to Adlai Stevenson, January 5, 1960, JFKL; Stevenson to JFK January 5, 1960, JFKL
126
Sacramento Bee, July 29, 1960; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to JFK, May 25, 1960, JFKL; William McCormick Blair Jr. to JFK, August 12, 1960, JFKL; John Bartlow Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1977), pp. 521–25.
127
Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, p. 449. See also JFK to Adlai Stevenson, January 5, 1960, JFKL; Stevenson to JFK, January n. d., 1960, JFKL.
128
Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 64–66. See also Schlesinger to JFK, June 6, 1960, JFKL.
129
Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 67–69.
130
Ibid., pp. 69–70.
131
White, Making of the President, 1960, pp. 163–64.
132
New York Times, July 14, 1960. See also Baker, The Stevensons, pp. 401–5.
133
Time, July 18, 1960.
134
White, Making of the President, 1960, pp. 131–35.
135
Time, July 11, 1960; White, Making of the President, 1960, p. 155.
136
New York Times, July 14, 15, 1960; White, Making of the President, 1960, pp. 163–67.
137
Milton Gwertzman, «Counterattack Sourcebook,» August 10, 1960, JFKL.
138
Time, July 25, 1960; Donaldson, The First Modern Campaign, pp. 78–81.
139
New York Times, July 16, 1960.
140
John F. Kennedy, «The New Frontier,» July 15, 1960, JFKL.
141
«The Election of John F. Kennedy, President of the United States,» ?lm, n.d., 1961, JFKL.
142
White, The Making of the President, 1960, pp. 309–10; Richard M. Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1978), pp. 218–19.
143
Schlesinger, Journals, p. 85; Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises (New York: Doubleday, 1962), p. 323.
144
Donaldson, The First Modern Campaign, pp. 110–13, 119.
145
Sidney Kraus, ed., The Great Debates (Blooming-ton: Indiana University Press, 1962), pp. 348–50.
146
Ibid., pp. 350–52.
147
White, The Making of the President, 1960, pp. 286–87; Sorensen, Counselor, p. 190.
148
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 292–94.
149
«Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy at Howard University,» Washington, D.C., October 7, 1960, JFKL.
150
Nixon, RN, pp. 216–17.
151
JFK, Armory speech, Hyannis, Mass., November 9, 1960, JFKL.
152
Richard Reeves, President Kennedy: Pro? le of Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), p. 25.
153
Ibid., p. 44.
154
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 300; New York Times, November 10, 1960, January 11, 17, 1961.
155
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 201–3; Andrew Preston, The War Council: McGeorge Bundy, the NSC, and Vietnam (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 38–45.
156
Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 93–96.
157
Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy, pp. 142–43.
158
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times (Boston: Houghton Mif?in, 1978), p. 230.
159
Ibid.
160
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 232.
161
Dallek, An Un? nished Life, pp. 316–17; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 228–29, 232–33; Evan Thomas, Robert Kennedy: His Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), pp. 109–13.
162
Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 95–96.
163
Ibid.
164
Ibid., pp. 102–3.
165
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 31–33.
166
Garry Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Medi-tation on Power (Boston: Little, Brown, 1982), p. 112.
167
John F. Kennedy, «Inaugural Address,» January 20, 1961, PPP — JFK,1961, pp. 1–3.
168
Washington Post, January 21, 1961.
169
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 126.
170
Theodore Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Harper and Row, 1965), pp. 281–85.
171
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 88.
172
Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment, p. 191.
173
Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, May 16, 1961.
174
«White House Organization,» in David S. Patterson, ed., Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963 (Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Of?ce, 2001), pp. 29–31.
175
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 206–7.
176
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 355–56.
177
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 154; Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy, pp. 118–19.
178
Schlesinger, Journals, p. 122.
179
Press conference transcript, January 18, 1961, President John F. Kennedy’s news conference, January 25, 1961, Evelyn Lincoln to Kermit Gordon, October 31, 1963, «What If Peace Breaks Out?» — memo for press conference, October 31, 1963, Press Conferences, 1961–1963, JFKL.
180
«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 30, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 19–28.
181
Sorensen, Kennedy, pp. 339–43.
182
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 55–56; Nick Bryant, The Bystander: John F. Kennedy and the Struggle for Black Equality (New York: Basic Books, 2006), pp. 221–41.
183
Robert Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power (New York: Harper-Collins, 2007), p. 21.
184
«Special Message to the Congress on the Peace Corps,» March 1, 1961, «Address at a White House Reception for Members of Congress and for the Diplomatic Corps of the Latin American Republic,» March 13, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 143–46, 170–75.
185
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 370; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp.187–205.
186
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 32.
187
New York Times, October 20, 1960.
188
«Plan for Cuba,» n. d., 1961, JFKL.
189
«Evaluation of Proposed Supplementary Phase,» March 10, 1961, JFKL; «Discussion — TOP SECRET,» n. d., JFKL.
190
Peter Wyden, The Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962), p. 95.
191
Ibid., p. 94.
192
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. to JFK, February 11, 1961, March 10, 1961, JFKL; Adlai Stevenson to JFK, April 27, 1961, JFKL.
193
Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 109–12. См. также Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 245–49.
194
James W. Hilty, Robert Kennedy: Brother Protector (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1997), p. 277.
195
«Details of Proposed Supplementary Phase to the CIA Para-Military Plan, Cuba,» March 10, 1961, JFKL; McGeorge Bundy to JFK, February 8, 1961, JFKL; W. W. Rostow to JFK, February 6, 1961, JFKL; untitled CIA memo, n.d., 1961, NLK–79–185, JFKL.
196
«Discussion — TOP SECRET,» April n. d., 1961, JFKL; «Facts on the Problem — TOP SECRET,» n. d., 1961, JFKL.
197
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 371.
198
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 82–83.
199
New York Times, April 14, 1961.
200
Wyden, Bay of Pigs, p. 269.
201
Ibid., p. 294.
202
«Cuban Freedom Brigade,» April 25, 1961, JFKL.
203
Haynes Johnson, The Bay of Pigs (New York: W. W. Norton, 1964), pp. 177–80.
204
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 289.
205
Wyden, Bay of Pigs, pp. 305, 315. See also Schlesinger, Journals, pp. 120–21.
206
Thomas Fensch, ed., The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters (Woodlands, Tex.: New Century Books, 2001), pp. 13–16.
207
Ibid., p. 18. See also Frederick Kempe, Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Most Dangerous Place on Earth (New York: G. P. Putnam, 2011), pp. 8–10.
208
Jacqueline Kennedy, Historic Conversations on Life with John Kennedy (New York: Hyperion, 2011), pp. 185–86.
209
Albert Gore Sr., interview, n.d., JFKL.
210
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 95, 677. См. также Kenneth P. O’Donnell and David F. Powers, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye (Boston: Little, Brown, 1972), pp. 316–17; Hugh Sidey, John F. Kennedy: President (New York: Atheneum, 1964), p. 129.
211
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 278.
212
Stanley Meisler, The United Nations: The First Fifty Years (New York: Grove Atlantic, 1995), p. 140.
213
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 140.
214
Ibid., p. 105.
215
«Statement by the President on the Tractors-for-Freedom Movement,» May 24, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1962, p. 201.
216
Schlesinger, Journals, p. 121.
217
Time, May 5, 1961; New York Times, June 3, 1961.
218
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 99.
219
Ibid., p. 294. См. также «Statement by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy,» April 24, 1961, JFKL.
220
«Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs,» May 25, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 396–406.
221
Marks Williamson, Spacecraft Technology: The Early Years (London: Institute of Engineering and Technology, 2006), p. 263.
222
«Remarks at a Meeting with the Headquarters Staff of the Peace Corps,» June 14, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, p. 485.
223
Алан Шепард совершил суборбитальный космический полет — космический полет летательного аппарата по баллистической траектории со скоростью недостаточной для выхода на орбиту, т. е. меньшей, чем первая космическая скорость.
224
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 286–88; Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 651–53.
225
John Foster Dulles, «How Dulles Averted War,» Life, January 16, 1956, p. 78.
226
John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 127–97.
227
Ibid., pp. 198–236; Wills, The Kennedy Imprison-ment, pp. 249–52; L. W. Nordheim, «Tests of Nuclear Weapons,» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, September 1955, pp. 253–55, 272–73; Dorothy Zinberg, «The Public and Nuclear Waste Management,» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 1979, pp. 34–39.
228
Robert Dallek, John F. Kennedy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 35.
229
Kempe, Berlin 1961, p. 209.
230
New York Times, June 1, 1961.
231
Washington Post, June 2, 1961.
232
Kempe, Berlin 1961, p. 217.
233
Charles Kenney, John F. Kennedy: The Presidential Portfolio (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), p. 72.
234
Richard Rovere, New Yorker, June 17, 1961, p. 96.
235
Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 35.
236
«Memo of Correspondence Between N. S. Khrushchev and Robert F. Kennedy,» May n. d., 1961, JFKL.
237
Michael R. Beschloss, The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960–1963 (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), pp. 164–65; Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 35; «Memo of Correspondence Between N. S. Khrushchev and Robert F. Kennedy,» May n. d., 1961, JFKL.
238
William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), pp. 490–91.
239
«Memos of Conversation,» Vienna meeting, June 3, 1961, JFKL.
240
O’Donnell and Powers, Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye, p. 342.
241
Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 234–36.
242
«Memos of Conversation,» June 3, 1961, JFKL; «Joint United States — Soviet Communique,» Gettysburg, Pa., n. d., 1959, JFKL; «Memoranda of Conversation,» Sep-tember 15, 26, 1959, JFKL; Dallek, John F. Kennedy, p. 36.
243
«President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Laos — Talking Points,» June 3–4, 1961, JFKL; «Memoranda of Conversation,» June 3–4, 1961, JFKL.
244
«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL.
245
«Berlin: Questions That Might Be Raised,» n. d., 1961, JFKL.
246
«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL; Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 500.
247
John F. Stacks, Scotty: James B. Reston and the Rise and Fall of American Journalism (Boston: Little, Brown, 2003), p. 199; New York Times, June 6, 1961. См. также Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 256–57.
248
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 176.
249
Preston, The War Council, p. 56.
250
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 179–81.
251
Ibid., p. 180.
252
Saturday Review, August 5, 1961, p. 3.
253
Spencer R. Weart, Nuclear Fear: A History of Images (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988), pp. 254–55.
254
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 394.
255
R. Gerald Hughes, Britain, Germany, and the Cold War: The Search for a European Detente, 1949–1967 (Oxford: Routledge, 2007), p. 197. См. также «The President’s News Conference of July 19, 1961,» «Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 513–14, 533–34, 538; Time, July 14, 1961.
256
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 212. See also Frederick Taylor, The Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961–1989 (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), p. 146; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 394.
257
New York Times, October 21, 1961.
258
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 246–47.
259
New York Times, October 28, 1961.
260
Kennedy, «Address in Los Angeles at a Dinner of the Democratic Party of California, November 18, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 733–36. См. также David Talbot, Brothers: The Hidden Story of the Kennedy Years (New York: Free Press, 2007), p. 75.
261
Jeff Shesol, Mutual Contempt: Lyndon Johnson, Robert Kennedy, and the Feud that De?ned a Decade (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), p. 127.
262
Chester Bowles, Promises to Keep: My Years in Public Life, 1941–1969 (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), p. 343.
263
Thomas, Robert Kennedy, pp. 147, 157.
264
Mark J. White, The Kennedys and Khrushchev: The Declassi?ed Documentary History (New York: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), p. 78.
265
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 492.
266
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 337.
267
FRUS, Cuba 1961–1962, p. 606. See also Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Doubleday, 2007), p. 210; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 335–37.
268
«Vienna Meeting: Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, JFKL; «Vienna Meeting: Background Documents,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; David R. Inglis, «Ban H — Bomb Tests and Favor the Defense,» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, November 1954, pp. 353–56.
269
Richard A. Falk, Samuel S. Kim, and Saul H. Mendrovitz, eds., Disarmament and Economic Development (Washington, D.C.: World Law Fund,1966), p. 46.
270
Beschloss, The Crisis Years, pp. 213–14.
271
J. P. Weisner and H. E. York, «National Security and the Nuclear Test Ban,» Scienti?c American, October 1964; Shane J. Maddock, «Defending the American Way and Containing the Atom: Ideology and U. S. Nuclear Proliferation Since 1945,» in Rosemary B. Mariner and G. Kurt Piehler, eds., The Atomic Bomb and American Society: New Perspectives (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009), pp. 121–52.
272
William Rust, Perpetual Crisis: The American Experience in Laos, 1954–1961 (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2012).
273
«The President’s News Conference of March 23, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 213–15.
274
Time, May 5, 1961.
275
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 112, 689.
276
Charles de Gaulle, Memoirs of Hope: Renewal and Endeavor (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1971), p. 256.
277
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 112.
278
Sorensen, Kennedy, pp. 396–99, 591.
279
«Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, Vienna, JFKL; «President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Vienna, June 3–4, 1961, Laos: Talking Points,» Brie?ng Book, JFKL.
280
Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, pp. 244–45. См. также Roger Hilsman, To Move a Nation: The Politics of Foreign Policy in the Adminitration of John F. Kennedy (New York: Doubleday, 1967), p. 134; Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars: Berlin, Cuba, and Laos (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 475 n; «Memos of Conversation,» June 4, 1961, Vienna, JFKL; «President’s Meeting with Khrushchev, Vienna, June 3–4, 1961, Laos: Talking Points,» Brie?ng Book, JFKL; A. J. Langguth, Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), p. 132.
281
Rust, Perpetual Crisis, pp. 18–56, 342–45.
282
Beschloss, The Crisis Years, p. 349.
283
«Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the Soviet Union, December 30, 1961,» in Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, p. 146. См. также Beschloss, The Crisis Years, p. 352.
284
Time, January 5, 1962.
285
«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 11, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 5–6.
286
Ibid.
287
Ibid.; Wall Street Journal, February 27, 1961.
288
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 404–5.
289
New York Times, April 12, 1962; Walter Heller to Lloyd Ulman, «Reuther’s Letter to the President,» April 12, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; «The President’s News Conference of April 11, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 315–16.
290
Time, April 20, 1962; Business Week, April 21, 1962.
291
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 296.
292
Reeves, A Question of Character, p. 332; Jim Bellows, The Last Editor (Kansas City, Mo.: Andrews McMeel, 2002), p. 88.
293
Benjamin A. Javits to JFK, June 11, 1962, JFKL; Roy Harrod to Seymour Harris, May 9, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy, p. 77; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 296–302.
294
«Why the Market Fell,» May 29, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL.
295
New York Times, May 29, 1962; «The Present Decline in Perspective,» «Why the Market Fell,» «Possible Government Action,» May 29, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Walter Heller to JFK, May 31, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL.
296
«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 11–13.
297
Economist, May 19, 1962; Walter Heller to JFK, December 16, 1962, Council of Economic Advisers, JFKL; Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 630–31.
298
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, pp. 375–76, 475–80.
299
William Chafe, Private Lives/Public Consequences: Personality and Politics in Modern America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005), pp. 122–23.
300
Ibid.
301
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 288–89; Athan Theoharis, From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover (New York: I. R. Dee, 1991), pp. 40–41; Seymour M. Hersh, The Dark Side of Camelot (Boston: Little, Brown, 1997), pp. 298–325.
302
O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, p. 763; David Reynolds, Summits: Six Meetings that Shaped the Twentieth Century (New York: Basic Books, 2007), pp. 201–2.
303
Alistair Horne, Harold Macmillan, 1959–1986, vol. 2 (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 512; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 242–43.
304
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 43.
305
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 705.
306
«First Debate, September 26, 1960,» in Kraus, The Great Debates, pp. 349–50.
307
«Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961,» PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 1.
308
«Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,» January 30, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 22.
309
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 169.
310
Franklin H. Williams, «The Shifting Negro Vote,» Frontier, January 1961, pp. 4, 13–14.
311
Hyman H. Bookbinder, «Appointment of Quali?ed Negro to Business Advisory Council,» April 14, 1961, JFKL; Carl Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction (New York: Columbia University Press, 1977), pp. 75–76.
312
Harris Wofford notes, «MLK,» n. d., JFKL. See also Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 100–101.
313
Frank J. Munger and Richard F. Fenno, National Politics and Federal Aid to Education (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1962) p. 132.
314
Harris Wofford to Kenneth O’Donnell, October 4, October 9, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace to Harris Wofford, November 22, 1961, JFKL.
315
Executive Order 10590, January 19, 1955, 20 Federal Record, 409; Executive Order 10925, March 6, 1961, 26 Federal Record 1977.
316
John L. Moore to Heads of Federal Agencies, «Nondiscrimination in Employment,» March 29, 1961, JFKL; JFK to A. Philip Randolph, February 17, 1961, JFKL; Carlisle P. Runge, Assistant Secretary of Defense, to Frederick G. Dutton, April 10, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace, Assistant Secretary to the Secretary of the Treasury, to Fred Dutton, April 7, 1961, JFKL; L. D. Battle to Frederick G. Dutton, April 11, 1961, JFKL.
317
Helen Fuller, Year of Trial: Kennedy’s Crucial Decisions (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962), p. 29.
318
«Report of the Attorney General to the President on the Department of Justice’s Activities in the Field of Civil Rights,» December 29, 1961, JFKL. See also Franklin D. Reeves to Clarence T. R. Nelson, March 20, 1961, JFKL; «Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights press release, September 9, 1961, JFKL.
319
«Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1962; «Executive Order: Equal Opportunity in Housing,» November 20, 1962, 27 Federal Record, 11527; JFK to Roy Wilkins, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Weaver, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Whitney Young, November 27, 1962, JFKL; Jack Conway, «Draft Reply to Correspondence from Mayor C. Ben Holleman, West Palm Beach, Florida,» JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 131–35.
320
Progressive, vol. 2, no. 49, p. 16.
321
«Summary of Civil Rights Progress, January 20 through October 1961,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; Lee C. White, «Civil Rights Achievements Since January 1962,» December 13, 1962, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 63, 127.
322
Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–1963 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), pp. 143–205, 271–73; William Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), pp. 111–18.
323
Time, June 2, 1961; Raymond Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 11–54, 90–182.
324
New York Times, May 15, 1961; Time, May 26, 1961.
325
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 288.
326
New York Times, May 24, 30, 1961; Time, June 2, 1961; Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, pp. 140–85.
327
Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 129.
328
Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, p. 194. См. также Bryant, The Bystander, p. 278.
329
«Statement by the President Concerning Interference with the ’Freedom Riders’ in Alabama,» May 20, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 391.
330
Bryant, The Bystander, pp. 270, 275.
331
«Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs,» May 25, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 396–406.
332
«Statement by the President Upon Signing the Plans for Progress,» Washington, D.C., July 12, 1961, JFKL.
333
«Improvement in Non-White Industrial Emplo-yment — During ’Plans for Progress’ Program, May 15, 1961–December 15, 1961, December 15, 1961–June 15, 1962,» JFKL.
334
«Results of ’Plans for Progress’ Program — (A) One Year Results and (B) Six Months Results,» JFKL.
335
«Remarks of the President Before Participants in Signing of Plans for Progress in the East Room,» June 22, 1962, JFKL.
336
Robert Troutman Jr. to JFK, June 30, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Troutman Jr., August 22, 1962, JFKL.
337
Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Recon-struction, pp. 147–51, 214–16.
338
Martin Luther King Jr., «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» in Why We Can’t Wait (New York: Signet, 1964), pp. 64–84.
339
«Radio and Television Report to the Nation on the Situation at the University of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 726–27.
340
Aaron Henry to JFK, n. d., 1962, JFKL; «Executive Order 11053: Providing Assistance for the Removal of Obstructions of Justice in the State of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, JFKL; Jack Rosenthal, «Some Possible Ideas for the President’s Remarks to the United States Attorneys,» October 9, 1962, JFKL; JFK to C. B. Powell, October 11, 1962, JFKL; Amsterdam News, October 6, 1962; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 180–203.
341
Branch, Parting the Waters, pp. 782–85. См. также Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 595.
342
King, «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» pp. 64–84.
343
Bryant, The Bystander, p. 381.
344
Ibid., p. 4. See also Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 243.
345
Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama — The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), p. 463.
346
Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.
347
McWhorter, Carry Me Home, pp. 463–64; Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.
348
Washington Post, February 13, 1963; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 464–65.
349
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 959.
350
Ibid., pp. 959–66; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 240.
351
«Radio and Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights,» June 11, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 468–71.
352
Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruc-tion, p. 264.
353
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 520.
354
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 346–49. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 247.
355
«Civil Rights — Public Accommodations, Hearings of the Committee on Commerce,» U. S. Senate, S 1732 (July 1, 1963), p. 25.
356
Washington Post, August 29, 30, 1963.
357
New York Times, August 29, 1963; Time, August 30, 1963.
358
William F. Theford to JFK, September 18, 1963, JFKL.
359
Harold Chase and Allen H. Lerman, eds., Kennedy and the Press: The News Conferences (New York: Crowell, 1965), p. 518; Lee C. White to Burke Marshall, September 18, 1963, JFKL; Lee C. White to Charles C. Diggs Jr., September 24, 1963, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstrution, p. 310.
360
John Richard Snyder, John F. Kennedy: Personality, Policy, Presidency (New York: SR Books, 1988), p. 62. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 310. Похожая аргументация появилась в 2006 у британского журналиста Ника Брайанта (Nick Bryant), автора книги The Bystander, p. 11. Брайант, как и Дирксен, резко критиковал Кеннеди за то, что тот не спешил вмешиваться и тем самым упустил лучшую возможность. «Кеннеди частично виновен в кризисе в межрасовых отношениях», — писал он. — «Имея в начале 1960-х историческую возможность определять путь развития страны, который бы приблизил миллионы чернокожих американцев к свободе, Кеннеди предпочел политику бездействия»
361
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 649. См. также Gus Russo and Stephen Molton, Brothers in Arms: The Kennedys, the Castros, and the Politics of Murder (New York: Bloomsbury, 2008), pp. 157–58, 168–71.
362
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 341.
363
Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds., The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), p. 10.
364
Michael H. Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 255.
365
Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 53; Abram Chayes to McGeorge Bundy, «International Law Problems of Blockade,» September 10, 1962, JFKL; «Brie?ng Paper for President’s Press Conference — Subject: NATO Shipping and Cuban Trade,» September 13, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 10; «The President’s News Conference,» September 13, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 674–75; Elie Abel, The Missile Crisis (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1966), pp. 6–80.
366
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 13.
367
Ibid., pp. 12–15.
368
Graham Allison, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), p. 57. См. также Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 544; Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 20; Sorensen, Kennedy, p. 675.
369
Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy, pp. 257–58.
370
Заседения ExComm записывались на магнитофон и впоследствии были опубликованы. О записи знал только президент.
371
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 36.
372
Ibid., p. 44.
373
Ibid., p. 115; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 48–51.
374
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 123–25.
375
Ibid., p. 122.
376
Ibid., p. 124.
377
Ibid.
378
Allison, Essence of Decision, p. 61; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 84–85.
379
Washington Post, October 21, 1962.
380
«Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba,» October 22, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 806–9.
381
«Proclamation 3504: Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba,» October 23, 1962, pp. 809–10, JFKL.
382
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 397.
383
Washington Post, October 23, 24, 1962; New York Times, October 23–28, 1962; Time, November 2, 1962; Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, «One Hell of a Gamble»: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), pp. 237–39; transcript, Gilpatric-JFK phone conversation, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
384
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 189.
385
Khrushchev to JFK, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
386
JFK to Khrushchev, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
387
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 213.
388
Ibid., pp. 213–14.
389
Ibid., p. 153.
390
Ibid., pp. 218–20, 229; «Overseas Reactions to President Kennedy’s Cuban Announcement,» October 23, 1962, JFKL; «News Conference,» Pierre Salinger, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
391
Timothy Naftali, Philip D. Zelikow, and Ernest R. May, eds., The Presidential Recordings: John F. Kennedy, vols 1–3, The Great Crises (Charlottesville, Va.: Miller Center, 2001), vol. 3, p. 213.
392
Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 126.
393
Khrushchev to JFK, October 24, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Khrushchev, October 25, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 242–43, 257.
394
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 292.
395
Ibid., p. 297.
396
Khrushchev to JFK, October 26, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to Secretary of State, October 26, 1962, JFKL.
397
Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 531.
398
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 230.
399
Ibid., p. 383.
400
Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 161–64, 180–81.
401
Betty Goetz Lall, «NATO — Warsaw D?tente?» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 20, no. 9 (November 1964), pp. 37–39.
402
Khrushchev to JFK, October 28, 1962, JFKL.
403
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 489.
404
«Message in Reply to a Broadcast by Chairman Khrushchev on the Cuban Crisis,» October 28, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 814–15. См. также «Memorandum for the Secretary of State from the Attorney General,» October 30, 1962, JFKL.
405
«The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 830–32; Khrushchev to JFK, November 12, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to JFK, December 11, 1962, JFKL.
406
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 830; Life, November 12, 1965.
407
Jim Heath, Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), p. 131.
408
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 525.
409
Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 193.
410
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 351.
411
Ibid.; Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment, pp. 262–63; Richard J. Walton, Cold War and Counterrevolution: The Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), pp. 10, 116, 224; Robert Weisbrot, Maximum Danger: Kennedy, the Missiles, and the Crisis of American Con? (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), pp. 199–202.
412
Glen T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), pp. 51–60.
413
«ACDA Special Report No. 15: Consideration of Test Ban During Recess of Geneva Disarmament Conference,» September 11, 1962, JFKL.
414
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1963, pp. 32–37.
415
Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, pp. 476–77.
416
Dallek, An Un?nished Life, p. 619.
417
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 325–28; Schlesinger, Journals, p. 194.
418
«Commencement Address at American University in Washington,» June 10, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 459–64.
419
G. Calvin MacKenzie and Robert Weisbrot, The Liberal Hour: Washington and the Politics of Change in the 1960 s (New York: Penguin Books, 2008), pp. 278–79.
420
Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 216–18.
421
Time, August 30, 1963.
422
Ibid.; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 555.
423
«Statement by the President Following the Senate Vote on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» September 24, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 704. См. также «Remarks at the Signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» October 7, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 765–66.
424
Benjamin S. Loeb, «The Limited Test Ban Treaty,» in Michael Kredon and Dan Caldwell, eds., The Politics of Arms Control of Treaty Rati?cation(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), p. 169; Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 226–31, 235–82.
425
Dallek, An Un? nished Life, pp. 624–25; Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 498–500.
426
Фраза «Ich bin ein Berliner» является вполне грамма-тически верной и выражает именно то, что Кеннеди хотел сказать: «Я — один из берлинцев» (а не прямо «Я — берлинец», как было бы без артикля).
427
«Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 524–25.
428
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537.
429
New York Times, June 27, 1963; Sorensen, Counselor, p. 325; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537; «Address at the Free University of Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 25–29.
430
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 888.
431
John F. Kennedy, «Partial Remarks Before the Executives Club of Chicago,» May 28, 1954, JFKL.
432
John F. Kennedy, «America’s Stake in Vietnam,» Vital Speeches of the Day, August 1, 1956, pp. 617–19, JFKL.
433
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 46.
434
FRUS, vol. I, Vietnam 1961, p. 15, note 6.
435
William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, The Ugly American (New York: W. W. Norton, 1958). Похожий роман, хотя и менее спорный, о деятельности сотрудника ЦРУ во Вьетнаме — роман Грема Грина «Тихий американец». (Graham Greene, The Quiet American (New York: Viking Press, 1956)).
436
Edward G. Lansdale, «Binh Hung: A Counter-Guerilla Case Study,» February 1, 1961, JFKL.
437
JFK to General Lemnitzer, February 5, 1961, JFKL; Oliver E. Clubb Jr., «The Struggle in South Vietnam,» March 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–20.
438
Theodore H. White to JFK, October 11, 1961, JFKL.
439
Averell Harriman to Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., October 17, 1961, JFKL.
440
Stuart Symington to JFK, October 21, 1961, JFKL; Robert D. Schulzinger, A Time for War: The United States and Viet Nam, 1941–1975 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 102–6.
441
«The Taylor Report,» November 3, 1961, The Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decision-making on Vietnam (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol. 2, pp. 88, 92–98; «A Threat to the Peace: North Viet-Nam’s Effort to Conquer South Viet-Nam,» Department of State, 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–37; Walt Rostow to JFK, November 7, 1961, JFKL. См. также Preston, The War Council, pp. 88–100.
442
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 257.
443
David Kaiser, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 109–10.
444
JFK to Diem, October 23, 1961, JFKL; Diem to JFK, December 12, 14, 1961, JFKL; JFK to Diem, December 15, 1961, JFKL; «InternalWarfare and the Security of the Underdeveloped States,» November 20, 1961, Department of State, JFKL.
445
Hilsman, To Move a Nation, p. 444; Roger Hilsman to JFK, January 13,1962, JFKL.
446
Maxwell Taylor to JFK, «Summary of Military Operations in Vietnam,» n. d., 1962, JFKL.
447
Time, May 11, 1962.
448
Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 162–63, 165.
449
«Questions Concerning Guerrilla Programs,» July 7, 1962, JFKL.
450
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